What is 1 4-Butanediol butane-1 4-diol BDO Liquid
1,4-Butanediol, also called butane-1,4-diol (other names include 1,4-B, BD, dose, BDO, and 1,4-BD) is a primary alcohol and an organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
It is a colorless viscous liquid first synthesized in 1890 via acidic hydrolysis of N,N’-dinitro-1,4-butanediamine by Dutch chemist Pieter Johannes Dekkers, who called it “tetramethylene glycol 1,4-Butanediol (also called BDO) is a clear, oily liquid chemical with the formula C₄H₁₀O₂.
It is widely used in industry to make plastics, polyurethanes, and solvents. When ingested by humans, it acts as a powerful central nervous system depressant because the body converts it into GHB.
In one industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form butyne-1,4-diol. Hydrogenation of butyne-1,4-diol gives butane-1,4-diol.
It is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated. Other routes are from butadiene, allyl acetate and succinic acid.
A biological route to BD has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism. The biosynthesis proceeds via 4-hydroxybutyrate.
Butane-1,4-diol is used industrially as a solvent[additional citation(s) needed] and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes. In organic chemistry, 1,4-butanediol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, it dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran. At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
It is used to synthesize 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins. 1,4-Butanediol is used in the production of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) plastic.
World production of butane-1,4-diol was claimed to be about one million metric tons per year and market price is about US$2,000 (€1,600) per ton in 2005. In 2013, worldwide production was claimed to be billions of pounds (consistent with approximately one million metric tons).
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